Ampère-Maxwell’s law describes how magnetic fields are generated by electric currents and changing electric fields.
Differential form
| where | |
|---|---|
| magnetic field (or magnetic flux density), measured in tesla | |
| position vector in three-dimensional space, typically expressed as and measured in meters | |
| time, measured in seconds | |
| curl operator which measures the rotation of a field in space, and which applied to is: measured in amperes per meter | |
| permeability of free space, measured in henry per meter | |
| current density vector field, measured in amperes per square meter | |
| permittivity of free space, measured in farads per meter | |
| electric field, measured in volts per meter |
Integral form
| where | |
|---|---|
| closed loop (or contour) in three-dimensional space | |
| line integral around the closed path measuring the total circulation of the electric field along the loop | |
| differential line element that represents an infinitesimally small segment along the loop | |
| surface whose boundary is the closed loop | |
| surface integral which sums the contribution of the field over the entire surface | |
| differential surface element representing an infinitesimally small patch of the surface |